linux的VPS如何快速分区
>在新手购买购买的云VPS,由于处于数据保护机制,都会给客户准备2块硬盘,一块用来存放用户数据,一块用来存放系统,这样在后台选择重做系统之后,另外一个磁盘分区的数据就不会丢失了..所以在购买VPS之后,要手动将另外一块硬盘激活,于是乎,就有了这个如何启用分区的教程:
通过fdisk -l我们可以看到/dev/xvdb(此名称因系统而异)容量有23.6G，
而且没有分区，接下来我们对它进行分区和挂载
fdisk -l
# fdisk -lDisk /dev/xvda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks IdSystem/dev/xvda1 * 1 13 104391 83Linux/dev/xvda2 14 1044 8281507+8eLinux LVMDisk /dev/xvdb: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2871 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks IdSystem
[*]# fdisk -l
[*]Disk /dev/xvda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
[*]255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
[*]Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
[*]Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
[*]/dev/xvda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
[*]/dev/xvda2 14 1044 8281507+ 8e Linux LVM
[*]
[*]Disk /dev/xvdb: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes
[*]255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2871 cylinders
[*]Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
[*]Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
对/dev/xvdb(此名称因系统而异)进行分区：
fdisk /dev/xvdb
# fdisk /dev/xvdbThe number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2871.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,and could in certain setups cause problems with:1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)输入n新建分区Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)p/dev/xvdb中第1个分区Partition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-2871, default 1):Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2871, default 2871):Using default value 2871输入W保存退出Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.
[*]# fdisk /dev/xvdb
[*]The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2871.
[*]There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
[*]and could in certain setups cause problems with:
[*]1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
[*]2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
[*](e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
[*]
[*]输入n新建分区
[*]Command (m for help): n
[*]Command action
[*]e extended
[*]p primary partition (1-4)
[*]p
[*]
[*]/dev/xvdb中第1个分区
[*]Partition number (1-4): 1
[*]First cylinder (1-2871, default 1):
[*]Using default value 1
[*]Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2871, default 2871):
[*]Using default value 2871
[*]
[*]输入W保存退出
[*]Command (m for help): w
[*]The partition table has been altered!
[*]Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
[*]Syncing disks.
将新分区xvdb1(此名称因系统而异)格式化为ext3格式
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/xvdb1
# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/xvdb1mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)2883584 inodes, 5765319 blocks288265 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296176 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group16384 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000Writing inode tables: doneCreating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[*]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/xvdb1
[*]mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
[*]Filesystem label=
[*]OS type: Linux
[*]Block size=4096 (log=2)
[*]Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
[*]2883584 inodes, 5765319 blocks
[*]288265 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
[*]First data block=0
[*]Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
[*]176 block groups
[*]32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
[*]16384 inodes per group
[*]Superblock backups stored on blocks:
[*]32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
[*]4096000
[*]Writing inode tables: done
[*]Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
[*]Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[*]This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
[*]180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
我们示范将新分区xvdb1挂载到目录/home
因为home已经存在，所以我们挂载
mount /dev/xvdb1 /home
如果你需要挂载在别的目录.可以新建一个目录挂载.如:home1,使用如下命令:
mkdir /home1 mount /dev/xvdb1 /home1
完成后我们通过df -hal可以看到，新分区已经挂载到目录/home上了
# df -hal Filesystem SizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 5.7G1.4G4.1G25% / proc 0 0 0 -/proc sysfs 0 0 0 -/sys devpts 0 0 0 -/dev/pts /dev/xvda1 99M 28M 67M30% /boot tmpfs 256M 0256M 0% /dev/shm none 0 0 0 -/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc sunrpc 0 0 0 -/var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs /dev/xvdb1 22G173M 21G 1% /home
[*]# df -hal
[*]Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
[*]/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
[*]5.7G 1.4G 4.1G 25% /
[*]proc 0 0 0 - /proc
[*]sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys
[*]devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts
[*]/dev/xvda1 99M 28M 67M 30% /boot
[*]tmpfs 256M 0 256M 0% /dev/shm
[*]none 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
[*]sunrpc 0 0 0 - /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs
[*]/dev/xvdb1 22G 173M 21G 1% /home
最后添加开机自动挂载： echo "/dev/xvdb1 /home ext3 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab
这样就完成了！
通过后台控制系统重做系统之后,只需要重新挂载一次即可
mount /dev/xvdb1 /home
最后，重新添加自动挂载即可：
echo "/dev/xvdb1 /home ext3 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab
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